Incremental Learning of Dynamical Models of Faces

Active Appearance Models (AAM) are a useful and popular tool for modelling facial variations. They have been used in face tracking, recognition and synthesis applications. For modelling facial dynamics of speech, they have been used in conjunction with Hidden Markov Models (HMM). However, the high dimensionality of the training data and of the resulting AAMs leads to long learning time of HMMs and thus imposes serious limitations on their joint use. Here, we propose a new method for learning HMMs of facial dynamics incrementally. Our algorithm is fully unsupervised and can be used for on-line learning as new data becomes available. Another important feature of our algorithm is the automatic choice of the number of states in the model. We show in experiments an improvement in learning speed of three orders of magnitude. Finally, we demonstrate the quality of the learned HMMs by generating video footage of a talking face.